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Japan's newly elected leader, Sanae Takaichi, is ready to confront her first major diplomatic test as she meets former US President Trump for important discussions in Tokyo.

Attention of their meeting is anticipated to focus on economic and defense issues, signaling a critical juncture for Japan's relationship with its powerful partner.

The Notable Premiership and Global Debut

The new PM, who recently assumed the role of Japan's first female prime minister after winning the leadership of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, had her international debut at the latest ASEAN summit.

However, her upcoming talks with the former president is seen as the real test that will establish the direction for coming bilateral cooperation.

Navigating Internal and International Pressures

The prime minister confronts a possibly unstable political situation, having established a partnership that leaves her two seats away of a controlling number in the powerful lower house of parliament.

Consequently, her administration will depend on opposition MPs to approve legislation, introducing a layer of complexity to her governance.

Common Perspectives and Differing Interests

Takaichi shares the former president's suspicion of Chinese military activities in the Asia-Pacific, yet each countries have faced challenges from Trump's "US-first" trade approach.

Recently, Trump oversaw a ceasefire deal between Thai and Cambodian forces during the initial leg of his Asian tour.

Defense Expansion and Spending Commitments

Takaichi has stated her commitment to accelerate Japan's defense expansion, aiming to increase military expenditure to two percent of gross domestic product by the close of the fiscal year.

This move aligns with a long-held demand from the former US leader and signifies the largest defense expansion for Japan since the Second World War.

Security Cooperation and Tensions

The country has also moved to acquire "retaliatory" abilities, including cruise weapons from the United States, and intends to deploy locally made longer-range missiles.

However, the bilateral security treaty is still a source of tension, with Trump previously stating that Japan should pay more for hosting US troops on its territory.

Trade Outlook and Talks

Not many anticipate significant concessions on trade matters this week, particularly after recent duty changes offered some ease to Japan's economy.

Takaichi is likely to pursue additional benefits by promising greater purchases of American products, including pickup trucks, agricultural produce, and natural gas.

Individual Chemistry and the Shinzo Abe Connection

The value Trump places on personal chemistry could work in Takaichi's advantage, given her close relationship with the late ex-leader Abe, who was among his favorite international figures.

He was the initial international figure to visit Trump after his election, and the pair built a close relationship over mutual interests such as the sport.

Forthcoming Agenda and International Implications

Trump's trip to Japan will start with a audience with the Emperor at the Imperial Palace in the capital.

It will be followed by talks with the PM at the state guest house, the very location where he met with the former leader in 2019.

Subsequently, Trump will proceed to South Korea for the APEC meeting, where he is set to meet Chinese president Xi Jinping.